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How Do Magnet Planar Headphones Work?

If you've never tried a pair of headphones that use planar magnetic drivers, it may be difficult to get your head around the way they function. Planar magnetic drivers use two flat magnets which are sandwiched in a thin diaphragm and conductors. This is different from the voicecoil actuator which drives a stiff cone back and forward.

The Diaphragm

Unlike a traditional dynamic headphone driver with dome or cone-shaped diaphragm, a magnetic planar is a flat piece of flexible film. The film is dotted with conductors on it that react with magnets placed on either side of the diaphragm. When the electrical signal flowing through these wires changes the magnetic field created by the magnets causes the diaphragm to react and move. This motion creates sound waves that are then heard by you.

The diaphragm in the human body is a dome-shaped membrane that separates the thoracic (chest), and abdominal cavities. It is the primary respiration muscle and is involved in inspiratory actions (exhaling air) like breathing or coughing, sneezing laughing, crying vomiting, and parturition. The diaphragm is also vital for expulsive actions, including defecating and urinating and pushing out the fetus during the birth.

Due to the ultra-light and thin design of a planar diaphragm, it is much more sensitive to changes in the audio signal than dynamic drivers. This gives planar magnetic headphones an audio that is more precise and delicate than the sound you get from a dynamic driver.

One of the disadvantages of planar magnetic headphones is that, at higher volume, they tend to leak more than their dynamic counterparts. This is because of the motion of the magnet diaphragm in the planar headphones that causes some audio to be pushed towards the listener.

This is not an issue if you use headphones in quiet areas or while watching films however, it can be a problem for listening in public and use. There are fortunately, some excellent options for reducing the amount of leakage, such as the Audeze LCD-4 or HiFiMAN Sundara. Wisdom Audio, for example is a pioneer in the development of PMD technology. They have worked hard to solve the issues associated that arise with this type of headphone. They have developed a number of patents that can be seen on their products. For instance, magnet planar their brand new planar winding based on flex circuits overcomes the limitations of stamped copper windings to give them a better utilization factor.

The Conductors

Conductors are what are planar magnetic drivers connect the magnets to the diaphragm and they're responsible for generating the sound that you hear. They are usually made of a mix of aluminum and copper. They are then wrapped around the central magnetic core which is surrounded by the diaphragm and supported by the frame of the headphone. The magnetic core is a cylindrical shaped magnetic element and can be made of any material, but it is typically made with Neodymium. The core is the main element of any planar sound driver. It consists of nested layers with an helix circular in size, ranging from 10-20mm in diameter.

The main benefit of planar magnetic drivers is that they create a much wider soundstage than their dynamic counterparts. This is because when an audio signal is received, the entire diaphragm vibrates instead of the tiny area attached to the voice coil. This bigger surface area results in lower distortion levels, particularly at higher volumes.

Another important characteristic of a magnet planar is its ability to respond quickly to the changes in the audio signal. This enables a wider spectrum of frequencies to be reproduced, and a more authentic sound. This is an excellent feature for audiophiles who enjoy music that includes a variety of instruments and vocals.

Additionally, the stacked design of a planar magnetic reduces part-to-part variation and is perfect for mission-critical applications that require high-reliability. They offer better consistency and less distortion of the magnetic field in comparison to wirewound magnets. This is essential to the performance of electronic devices.

The Magnets

As the name suggests, a magnet is a material that possesses magnetic properties. It can draw attention or repel force on certain substances, such as iron and nickel. It can also attract and repel electrical conductors. This phenomenon is referred to as magnetism. It is created in permanent, temporary or electromagnets. Magnets are utilized in a variety of applications, including electronic devices like mobile phones, headphones and laptop computers.

In contrast to traditional balanced armature and dynamic drivers that push a rigid diaphragm that is connected to the voice coil, planar magnetic driver technology makes use of a thin, light and flexible diaphragm that vibrates to create a flat sound wavefront rather than the focused spherical wavefront common in most headphones and speakers. This results in a more clear and larger soundstage. It is also recognized for its rich bass.

The biggest disadvantage of planar magnetic drivers is that they require quite a bit of power to move the massive magnets inside which makes them heavier and heavier than other types of headphone drivers. This is why many planar magnetic drivers require a separate power amplifier in order to function properly.

The amplifier should be designed to match the output power of the planar magnetic driver to provide the optimal listening experience. In addition the amplifier should be equipped with a sufficient input impedance to drive the planar magnetic driver at its maximum output frequency.

The planar magnetic drive is generally constructed as dipole, which radiates equally and in opposite phases in the direction of the speaker's front and back (like ESLs) or a monopole, which emits only in the forward-facing direction (more than traditional headphones). The most popular design of a planar magnetic driver is a bipole that has alternating poles on the north and south. Its shape lets it be easily fabricated as one piece of metal and creates a very robust field at the center of the faceplate.

Planar magnetic drivers are more efficient and have a smaller distortion factor because of their dimensions. As such, they are often employed in headphones with high-end features in which sonic precision is essential. They can also be found in audio equipment for professionals such as loudspeakers and microphones. Because of their unique construction they are also ideal for medical imaging and other sensitive applications that require extreme precision.

The Seal

To function properly for optimal performance, planar drivers need to be sealed extremely well and precisely. A small leak can dramatically reduce sound performance and even cause distortion. Therefore, a great deal of work is required to create the proper seal for planar drivers.

Planar magnetic headphones, unlike many other types of headphones, should not have gaps within the acoustic enclosure. This is because gaps can cause the diaphragm's resonance with different frequencies simultaneously. The problem of crosstalk can impact the sound quality.

Rubber rings are the most commonly used seals used in planar magnetic headphones. This type of seal is extremely effective in stopping air leaks. It is also extremely robust and can last for an extended period of time. However, it is important to be aware that this kind of seal may sometimes create hollow sounds. If you are planning to use a planar magnetic headphone, be sure to choose a seal that is of high-quality.

Another alternative for a planar magnetic driver is the liquid crystal display (LCD) seal. It is a specialized seal designed to prevent gaps from developing. It also can withstand a lot of pressure. It is a great option for audiophiles looking for top-quality sound quality.

One advantage of LCD headphones is that they provide an extremely clear and detailed sound. This is particularly true for high-end headphones, such as the Audeze LCD-4 or HiFiMAN Susvara. However, it is also possible to find low-cost LCD headphones that have similar audio quality.

It is also important to remember that a planar magnetic headphone will produce a much higher sound pressure than standard dynamic headphones. This is because of the way they are built. Planar magnetic headphones are different from dynamic headphones since they are equipped with two magnets that pull against the diaphragm. This creates an enormous force that can create extremely high frequencies.

Planar magnetic drivers, which are a relatively new technology in the market for headphones are an innovative product. They have already started to change the way listeners enjoy music. These headphones have a high-fidelity sound and are comfortable to wear. They are also simple to adjust.